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Swayambhu Maha Chaitya

The Ancient Stupa of Nepal

by Pratigya Sedhai
written by Pratigya Sedhai
Gunla Parba, The Path of Righteousness

Swayambhunath is one of the world’s most glorious and famous Buddhist Chaitya built more than two thousand years ago. Its existed since around 500 CE and stands alone on the west hillock in Kathmandu valley.

Located 1524m. (5000 ft) above sea level and 76.2m (250 ft) above Kathmandu valley atop a green hill, the Swayambhunath Chaitya is visible from far-off places within Kathmandu valley. The hill of Swayambhunath is overgrown with evergreen trees bearing blossoms of gorgeous color and sweet fragrance. The hill also contains various rocks and mines of many kinds of metal. One can see the name of the god carved in stones in the Tibetan language.

The Swayambhunath hill is a favorite place for the religious people, people who come for the picnic party, the holidaymakers, and the morning walkers or health-conscious ones. The hill’s varied names such as Gosringa Parbat, Bajrakuti Parbat, Gopuchba Parbat, Padmagiri, and Sambhyangun.

The Main Swayambhunath Stupa

The Swayambhunath Stupa is a large hemispherical mound, representing the Garva (womb) serving the seat of creation as a monumental shrine with stone Buddha images tugged into niches around the base and with a cubical tower atop the mound. The mound bears four pairs of mystic unwinking “all-seeing eyes” of Buddha painted in orange, white, blue, and black colors facing all four directions. The “Q” mark in between the eyes is often called “nose” represented by number ‘1’ of the Devanagari Script is a wrong interpretation according to Associate-Prof. Dr. Milan Ratna Shakya. He says, it is in fact the symbolic process that occurs and is felt during the intense meditation called “Utkranti”, for the overall Buddhist lesson is to perceive and consume it in the meditative way of Samatha meditation.

On the upper side, the tiers are further surmounted by a spire of successively diminishing rings of burnished metal culminating in a gilded umbrella representing the stages to heaven. The stupa is said to have been first introduced into Nepal as early as in the 3rd century Bikram Sambat.

There are 211 prayer wheels holding the sacred Mantras “Om Mani Padme Hun” encircling the white dome of the Swayambhunath. The Chaitya (Stupa in Nepali) which forms the main structure is made of a solid hemisphere of brick and earth supporting a lofty conical spire capped by a pinnacle of copper gilt. It is surmounted by a gold gilt square projection, which in turn is crowned by the Chudamani, a conical canopy of gilt rings.

The Meaning of Swayambhunath

According to Buddhist mythology, a lotus growing out in the lake (which now is Kathmandu Valley) of Naghrad spouted brilliant flame with five colored rays. It shone with gold and glistened like precious stones brighter than the Sun. It was recognized as the miraculous manifestation of Adi Buddha or Swayambhunath, the self-existent god, where “Swayam” means “oneself” and “Bhu” means “created” in the Sanskrit language. The valley then became known as Swayambhu or “self-created” or “self-existent one”.  The stupa has several names accredited to it viz Swayambhunath, Swayambhunatha, Svayambhu, Swayambhunath / Swayambhu Swayambhu Maha Chaitya, and Monkey Temple.

Painting of Swayambhunath (circa 1877), courtesy Columbia Edu.

History of Swayambhuanth

Long ago Kathmandu valley was a deep lake of about sixteen miles in circumference and surrounded by hills and lush forests. The lake was filled with clear green water where Karkota, the King of Nagas (King of serpents) lived. The lake was called Nagbas or the abode of Nagas. Similarly far from the lake, there was a large city named Vindumati, where a King named Vindumas ruled. The King had a son named Vipasya Bhagawan who converted many people to a Vikshu (Buddhist mendicant). One day Lord Buddha send Vipasya Bhagawan with his pupils to Nagbas Lake (now Kathmandu Valley ) to throw some seeds and told his pupils that a glowing lotus would grow out of it.

After Vipasya Bhagawan’s death, King Arun of Arunagar kingdom happened to visit the lake and saw a flame-Diety in lotus and King Arun disappeared immediately after the sight. Years after the incident another King, Buddha Vipaswi of Anupoorna came to the northern mountainside of the lake and he too saw the flame-Diety. He bathed in the lake, drank water from it, picked some evergreen grass, and offered it to the deity. Then some followers of the flame-deity appeared who told Buddha Vipaswi that the Bodhisattva would appear when the lake dried. And from the lotus, a huge mountain will be formed which would be known as Phulchowk and only a man of high lineage will be able to raise a great stupa there then he shall build a large city around it.

Based on the myth, years later Buddhist god Manjushree the incarnation of Viswakarma, the architect of gods saw something unusual in his meditation. He saw a golden lotus floating in a lake, with the flame-diety in it. He was requested by the gods of heaven to dry up the water of the lake to establish Swayambhunath Stupa where the golden lotus bloomed.

Manjushree along with his wife, King Dharmapala, and pupils mounted on the lion and arrived at the border of the lake. They all were amazed at the sight. He offered a variety of jewels to the flame-deity before drying up the lake to build a city on the spot for people to worship the flame-deity. He went to the southern hillside which had lower elevation than the rest and opened a passage named Chandrahas with his Saber (also spelled Sabre is a heavy military sword with a long cutting edge and, often, a curved blade. It originated in the 18th century mainly used in battles).

The bodhisattva Maitreya, the Buddha of the future, and the successor of Shakyamuni Buddha, is identifiable by the tiny, gold waterpot perched on the lotus near his shoulder at right. He is flanked by two other bodhisattvas; the green one is Vajrapani and the golden one is most likely Manjusri. Collectively, these three deities represent Shakyamuni Buddha’s virtues: Maitreya is the manifestation of his compassion, Manjusri is the manifestation of his wisdom; and Vajrapani is the manifestation of his power. Most of the deities in the margins form part of the bodhisattva’s retinue. The monk who officiated at the thangka’s consecration is at lower right in white. (Source pxhere.com)

When the water drained out many serpents living in the lake also swept out, but Manjushree allowed Nagraj Karkota to live in the valley and created a rather smaller lake named Taudaha on the Southern side of the Valley. He explained to Karkota that the lake had to be dried to build a city on the spot in order to perform religious service to the Swayambhunath. Manjushree then requested the Naga King to bring rain in due season so that the city might be well suited for agricultural purposes. Also foretold that the Buddha’s disciple called NE (a guru) would arrive and the valley would be named Nepal after him.

Manjushree found abundant Jewels and Nagamani (Jewel crown of Nagas) , gold, and riches at the bottom of the dried lake which he deposited in Karkota’s Taudaha. Manjushree then laid the foundation of the Swayambhunath Chaitya on the spot where golden lotus grew and built a beautiful city called Manjupatan around the stupa.

Manjushree pronounced Dharmakar as the king of the city and gave him instructions to perform religious services, to be virtuous, liberal, strong, and meditative. Dharmakara is believed to be the first King of Nepal. After Krakuchchandra, Dharmapala, Prachanda Dev, and Gunkara were the descendants of Manjushree, then came Santasri a devoted yoga and meditation practitioner.

One day when Santasri was in deep meditation, he saw that the golden lotus decked with jewels would be stolen by the people with the commencement of Kaliyuga or Iron-age. Upon seeing such a terrible thing in the meditation, he visited his guru Gunkara who advised him to obtain a degree in Vajracharya. Following the instuction of his Guru, Santasri went under severe meditation to become a Vajracharya. The structure of Swayambhu Chaitya built by Manjushree was already falling apart by the time Santasri succeded the throne. Therefore, with the intention of refurbishing the Chaitya, he built a solid base for the Chaitya, covered the golden lotus and its flame-diety beneath a stone, and a solid hemisphere of Chaitya. 

Santrasi dug a hole in the ground and buried the sacred flame and precious stone in it. It is said that in order to perform their duties Brahma, Vishnu, Maheswar, four Mahoragas, and eight Lokapalas descended down to the place too. Santasri brought a huge timber and placed it in the middle of the foundation stone. After building the Sanctum with bricks and mud he placed the image of Aksobhaya Buddha in the east, Ratnasambhava in the south, Amitabha in the west, Amoghasiddhi in the north, and lastly Vairochana again in the east and the right side of Aksobhaya round the stupa.

Moharaga is a race of deities in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism often depicted as anthropomorphic beings with serpentine bodies from the waist down.
Lokapāla are the “guardian of the world”.
Gunla Dharma

Akshobhya Buddha and Ratnasmbhava Buddha statues at Bhagwan Pau, the eastern entrance to Swayambhunath hill. Kathmandu

He then placed four Buddha Shaktis Lochana, Mamaki, Pandura, and Aryaent in four intermediate spaces. He erected a square basement for a superincumbent spire on the top of the hemisphere. The basement was surmounted by a torus (semi-circular structure). One can see a pair of an eye known as Panchachaksu on each face of the basement. He also built a monastery around the Chaitya and performed the ceremony of vivifying Swayambhunath by offering him flowers, fruits, and sweets.

Along with other images all around the Chaitya, he built five temples for devotees. He placed the images of Vasundhara at Vasupura; the image of air at Vayupur; the image of the fire at Agnipur; the image of Naga at Nagpur, the fifth mansion was called Guhapur. He placed the secret gods at the center.

Santasri then placed the images of six Bhairabas i.e. Prithvi-Bhairaba to the south of Guhapur: Ap-Bhairaba to the east of Swayambhunath; Tej-Bhairaba on the slope of the hill; Uaya-Bhairaba at the foothill on the southern side; Akash-Bhairaba on the western side; Surya Bhairaba and his consort on the eastern road.  He placed the images of Kalinga, Purba Ganesh, and Dakshina Ganesh middle of the eastern road. Then he placed the images of four Mahoragas and sacred circles inside the sanctum. After building and securing Stupa from all sides he went to Guhapura to practice meditation and disappeared from the world eventually.

In the reign of Gunakamdev, it so happened that the king’s innumerable acts of barbarity and licentiousness offended deities so much that Gunakamdev was showered with a heap of curses. The curses consequently led the country to suffer famine for seven years.

Gunakamdev to atone for his sins worshipped Swayambhunath offering flowers, Sweets, and fruits. He also confessed his wrongdoing to his Guru Santasri. To find a remedy for the scarcity of rain Gunakamdev went to Shantikara Vajracharya,  Shantikara Vajracharya sent his eight colleagues to Karkota. Karkota invited all the serpents to Shantipura and they all wrote their names with their blood on the leaves of a peepal tree. Shantikara Vajracharya collected all the leaves and displayed them in the sunshine, the act brought immediate rainfall in abundance.

The people of the valley were relieved of peril thusly and Karkota who was imprisoned by Shantikara Vajracharya underneath the stone steps eventually attained salvation from the curse too.

Almost a month later Sakya Simha visited Swayambhunath and seated himself on the Lion throne which was built by God Viswakarma between the Chaitya of Puchagha and Manjushree.

King Pratap Malla, the King of Kathmandu in the 17th century renovated the Swayambhunath Chaitya and offered a thunderbolt (Bajra), and constructed a stone stairway to the Stupa on the eastern side of the hill. The last Malla king of Nepal Jaya Prakash Malla also renovated the Swayambhunath Chaitya during which many Buddhists from Lhasa (Autonomous Tibet) and the northern region of Nepal came to Swayambhunath to offer their worship.

Swayambhunath Maha Chaitya with forest of Chibas in front, Harati Mata Temple to its right and Shikhara Style Temple is visible at the far left.

Five Elements at Swayambhunath

There are small structures containing Panchamahabhutas, the five elements placed at the cardinal points around Swayambhunath. Each of the structures represents different symbols namely: Vasupura (earth), Vayupura (air), Nagpur (water), Agnipura (fire), and Shantipura (sky).

Swayambhunath Museum

To the rear of the stupa, at the left corner is another small red brick building that houses the dimly-lit museum. It suffered partial damage in the historic April 2015 earthquake which now is refurbished. The museum has a small collection of Buddhist statues and items located around the stupa over the years.

Harati Mata Temple

A two-tiered gilded pagoda-style temple known as Hariti Mata Temple (Mother Goddess temple) is located on the Western corner of the Swambhunath complex. Photographing the temple while the temple door is open with a visible shrine is strictly prohibited.

The Hariti Mata Temple is one of the most thronged temples in Kathmandu. Hariti aka Ajima (Mother Goddess in Newar language) is a goddess of smallpox who supposedly gave birth to the disease and also found a cure for it. Therefore children suffering from short or long-term illnesses are brought to this temple for the Ajima’s blessing.

Buddha Shakyamuni

To the rear of the Hariti Mata Temple on the back of Swayambhunath Stupa there is a red brick alcove standing tall and large is a black stone statue of Buddha called Buddha Shakyamuni. Carved from a single piece of stone sometime during the 7th century and there is none other like it in Nepal. The image is said to be that of Siddhartha Gautama himself.

Prattappur Temple

There is a tall white temple in front of the monastery that has been rebuilt multiple times and it is known as Prattappur Temple. A fire damaged it in the early 2000s and it collapsed shortly afterward. The temple was rebuilt in 2011 only to be damaged again by a lightning stroke.

Saraswati Temple

Behind the hilltop is a temple dedicated to Manjusri or Saraswati – the Goddess of learning. The temple has the idol of Goddess Saraswati and Lord Ganesh resting amidst the prayer wheels. All along the sides of this section are smaller idols of various Gods. The base of the hill is almost entirely surrounded by prayer wheels and deities. Devotees can be seen circumambulating the stupa at all times.

Gunla Parba, The Path of Righteousness

Nepal’s major stupas are dedicated exclusively to the Buddha and are solid hemispherical structures enshrining relics, whether it be his mortal remains, as in the case of the Swayambhunath or some of his belongings. Smaller stupas or chaityas, usually contain holy scripts, mantras or in the hills . The moral remains of a holy Lama.
The stupas vary greatly in sizes and the style of construction is basically uniform: the hemispherical mound is either made-up ground or a small hillock or rocky outcrop from which dome is formed. According to tradition, this mound of earth often covers a series of small chaityas grouped around a central one. Centrally placed on the mound is a small square structure (Chaku) which supports the elaborate usually gilded, pinnacle of 13 stages, on the base of which are the eyes of Buddha surveying the cardinal points.

Other Landmarks around Swayambhunath

Down a flight of steps from these temples is a collection is smaller stupas, a bell, and the world peace pond. there is a small forest on the upper side of the pond. And opposite the world peace pond is the side entrance to the stupa complex.

Just up the hill is Whochen Thokjay Choyaling Monastery. Outside the stupa’s western entrance is the Natural History museum and further, along the road is the Buddha Park which has huge statues of Buddha Shakyamuni, Padmasambhava, and Maitreya.

This ancient structure was listed on a cultural world heritage site by UNESCO  in 1979 A.D.

On the major festivals such as Losar, Saga Dawa, Buddha Purnima, Saraswati Puja, Gunla Dharma and New Year’s day Swayambunath has huge celebrations. The visitors circumambulate the stupa clockwise while spinning the prayer wheels and chanting an invocation to heaven. They offer butter lamps and new prayer flags. And monks splash saffron-color paint on the stupa dome to create a lotus leaf pattern on it.

Bajrakuti ParbatGopuchba ParbatGosringa ParbatPadmagiriSambhyangun.Santasri built chaityas and buddha statues around itStupa of NepalSwayambhunath ChaityaSwoyambhunathWhat is Gosringa ParbatWhen did Swayambhunath origin?Whochen Thokjay Choyaling Monastery
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Pratigya Sedhai

Hello, I am a Freelancer Content writer. Writing has always been a form of expression of the inner thoughts for me. Be that about culture, religion, travel, food, tech or anything else, writing has given me the freedom to express anything I feel like putting out.

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Asiatic Elephants (Elephas maximus) at Chitwan Nat Asiatic Elephants (Elephas maximus) at Chitwan National Park.

1) Asiatic Elephants with mahout carrying grass for fodder by Rapti River.
2) Asiatic Elephants with mahout were set on a mission to find a runaway elephant on a cold December morning.
3) A female Asiatic Elephant.

Elephants at national parks are kept at tourism venues to offer entertainment such as rides, shows, elephant bathing, feeding, selfies, and observation. Elephant tourism has become a major financial windfall for businessmen at the Chitwan National Park in Saurah. Visitors to the area often mention their desire to ‘see elephants’ both in wild and captive settings. Tourism vendors must keep up the appearance of happy animals in a peaceful environment to maintain a steady flow of income.
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#askmeaboutnepal #raptiriver #elephant #asiaticelephant #sauraha #chitwan #chitwandiaries #nationalpark #chitwannationalpark #Nepal #travelnepal #naturallynepal #photoofnepal  #yourshotphotography #landscapephotography #sancturyasia  #photooftheday #picoftheday #naturallynepal #visitnepal #reportagespotlight #worldphotopress #learnoninstagram #learnaboutnepal  #AsianPhotographyMagazine #AsianPhotography #photoscapeofthemonth #lightroom #canon90d #canonphotography #thingstoseeinnepal
Hues of Chitwan National Park. Located at the bas Hues of Chitwan National Park.

Located at the base of the Himalayas, Chitwan is home to one of the remaining populations of one-horn rhinoceroses and one of the Bengal Tiger’s last refuges. It also contains a wide variety of plants and animals.

The Chitwan National Park in the Southern Central Terai of Nepal is the first national park of Nepal and was created in 1973.  Formerly famous as “The Royal Chitwan National Park”, it extends over the foothills covering an area of 952.6 sq km (367.9 sq mi) over four districts: Chitwan, Nawalparasi, Parsa, and Makwanpur. This Park is home to more than 50 mammal species, over 525 birds, and 55 amphibians and reptiles. The endangered fauna found in the park are the One-horned rhinoceros, Gaur, Royal Bengal tiger, Wild elephant, Four-horned antelope, Pangolin, Golden monitor lizard, Python, etc.

Conservation of Chitwan National Park has been in place since the early 1800s. The National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act of 1973 recognized it as a national park and gave it legal protection. The Nepalese Army has been stationed there to guard the parks since 1975. Additionally, the 1974 Chitwan National Park Regulation and the 1996 Buffer Zone Management Regulation sufficiently secure the preservation of natural resources, public involvement in conservation efforts, and socioeconomic advantages for those residing in the buffer zone. As a result, Chitwan National Park stands out as a prime example of how the government and community can work together to conserve biodiversity.
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Mist rises above River Rapti in the winter morning Mist rises above River Rapti in the winter mornings at Chitwan National Park. 

Rapti in the east is a diminutive river that drains the Chitwan Valley and serves as the northern boundary of the Chitwan National Park, it converges with the Narayani River. The river traverses the Mahabharat Range and is fed by various tributaries viz Samari, Karra, Kukhreni, Reu, Panchand from the left, and Lothther and Manahari from the right.

The western one spans both Nepal and India and originates in the Mid-Western Region, it flows through the Awadh and Purwanchal regions of the Uttar Pradesh state in India. Ultimately, it merges with the Ghaghara, a significant left-bank tributary of the Ganges, known as Karnali in Nepal. The tributaries of the West Rapti are Lungri Khola, Jhimruk Khola, Ami River, and Rohini River, while Arun Khola contributes from the right.

This river holds historical significance, particularly for the Janajati ethnic groups of Nepal and is called the "Airavati River" and serves as a tributary to the Sarayu, one of the sacred rivers in the Buddhist midland.
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Various aspects and elements of glorious Hiranya V Various aspects and elements of glorious Hiranya Varna Mahabihar, the Golden Temple of Patan.
Photo by @prriittii 

Hiranya Varna Mahabihara, also known as the Golden Temple, is a prominent Buddhist monastery located in Patan, Nepal. It is a significant religious and historical site with a rich history, captivating tales, and remarkable architecture.

Around the 12th century, during the rise of the Kirant invasion in the southern territories, the Shakyas of Kapilvastu were forced to leave their ancestral lands and seek refuge in the sacred Nepa Valley (now Kathmandu Valley). Among these migrants was Ananda Bhante, the principal disciple of Lord Gautam Buddha himself. Ananda Bhante specifically chose to settle on the banks of the divine pond that housed the Swayambhu Ratna Chaitya. This marked the beginning of human settlement in the area.

Subsequently, the residents dug a well to divert all the water from the pond, creating space for a proper Buddhist Bihar for the stupa. This gave rise to the establishment of the Kwa Baha / Hiranyavarna Maha Bihar. The water reservoir is believed to still exist beneath the central stupa chamber to this day.

Read More by @pratiigyaa
https://askmeaboutnepal.com/hiranya-varna-maha-bihar/
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#askmeaboutnepal #Hiranyamahabihar #monkey #brassarchitecture #brassdecor  #newararchitecture #goldentemple #templeachitecture #templearchitectureofnepal #buddhisttemple #reportagephotography #photooftheday #picoftheday #naturallynepal #visitnepal #reportagespotlight #worldphotopress #learnoninstagram #learnaboutnepal  #AsianPhotographyMagazine #AsianPhotography #photoscapeofthemonth #lightroom #canon90d #canonphotography #thingstoseeinnepal
A brass monkey holding out jack fruits as the offe A brass monkey holding out jack fruits as the offering at Hiranya Varna Mahabihar courtyard, it is the latest addition to the temple and dates back to 1918 AD.
Photo by @prriittii 

Hiranya Varna Mahabihara, also known as the Golden Temple, is a prominent Buddhist monastery located in Patan, Nepal. It is a significant religious and historical site with a rich history, captivating tales, and remarkable architecture.

Around the 12th century, during the rise of the Kirant invasion in the southern territories, the Shakyas of Kapilvastu were forced to leave their ancestral lands and seek refuge in the sacred Nepa Valley (now Kathmandu Valley). Among these migrants was Ananda Bhante, the principal disciple of Lord Gautam Buddha himself. Ananda Bhante specifically chose to settle on the banks of the divine pond that housed the Swayambhu Ratna Chaitya. This marked the beginning of human settlement in the area.

Subsequently, the residents dug a well to divert all the water from the pond, creating space for a proper Buddhist Bihar for the stupa. This gave rise to the establishment of the Kwa Baha / Hiranyavarna Maha Bihar. The water reservoir is believed to still exist beneath the central stupa chamber to this day.

Read More by@pratiigyaa 
https://askmeaboutnepal.com/hiranya-varna-maha-bihar/
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#askmeaboutnepal #Hiranyamahabihar #monkey #brassarchitecture #brassdecor  #newararchitecture #goldentemple #templeachitecture #templearchitectureofnepal #buddhisttemple #reportagephotography #photooftheday #picoftheday #naturallynepal #visitnepal #reportagespotlight #worldphotopress #learnoninstagram #learnaboutnepal  #AsianPhotographyMagazine #AsianPhotography #photoscapeofthemonth #lightroom #canon90d #canonphotography #thingstoseeinnepal
Mithila girls pose with their smartphone, Mahottar Mithila girls pose with their smartphone, Mahottari District.

Posting these photos in the wake of the ban on TikTok, one of the most popular social apps in Nepal.

In recent years, there has been a notable increase in smartphone penetration even in remote and rural areas around the world, driven by factors such as decreasing smartphone costs, improved network infrastructure, and increased awareness of digital technologies. The situation in Nepal may have seen similar trends. 

The social media craze in Nepal is lavish and reflects the evolving digital landscape. While social media platforms provide spaces for creativity and connection, potential bans, as in the case of TikTok, would have far-reaching effects on users and the digital culture of the country. Any such decision would need to balance concerns related to content and privacy with the broader impact on individuals and communities.

The ban has raised questions about freedom of expression, the regular users feel that the ban infringes on their ability to express themselves and share their creativity. On the other hand, the absence of #TikTok (like in India) has led to changes in the social media landscape in Nepal too with users exploring or migrating to other platforms like #instagram and #instagramreels for similar features.

Composed by chatGPT
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#askmeaboutnepal #youth #nepaliyouth #mithilayouth #mithilagirls #girlswithphoneskills #ruralgirls #portrait #portraitmood  #reportagephotography #photooftheday #picoftheday #naturallynepal #visitnepal #reportagespotlight #worldphotopress #learnoninstagram #learnaboutnepal  #AsianPhotographyMagazine #AsianPhotography #photoscapeofthemonth #lightroom #canon90d #canonphotography #thingstoseeinnepal
Classic view of Sagarmatha, Mount Everest (8849M.) Classic view of Sagarmatha, Mount Everest (8849M.) rising above the ridge connecting Nuptse and Lhotse. The tallest Mountain in the world falls in the Mahalangur Himal sub-range of the Himalayas. Nepal.

On May 29, 1953, mountaineers Tenzing Norgay and Sir Edmund Hillary set foot atop Mount Everest, the world’s highest Mountain. They were the first ever to reach its 8,849-meter peak. Their ascent is considered an outstanding achievement of the 20th century and today marks the 70 years of Mt. Everest.

Since then there have been over 4,000 successful climbers on Mount Everest. 
To name a few:
1) Pasang Lhamu Sherpa,  the first woman to climb Everest (22 April 1993)
2) Kami Rita Sherpa climb it for the 28th time (23 May 2023)
3) Hari Budha Magar, a former British Gorkha soldier with double above-knee amputee claimed Everest (19 May 2023)

And the list goes on.

Initially known only to British mapmakers as Peak XV, the mountain was identified as the world's highest point in the 1850s and renamed in 1865 after Sir George Everest, a former Surveyor General of India. 

It is called Sagarmatha in Nepali, meaning "peak of the sky" and
Chomolungma or Qomolangma in Sherpa and Tibetan — "goddess mother of the world"
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The Vatsala Durga (also known as the Vatsala Devi) The Vatsala Durga (also known as the Vatsala Devi) located on the east side of the Bhaktapur Durbar Square is a sikhara-style monument dedicated to the Vatsala manifestation of the female deity Durga. 

The temple is constructed on a multi-tiered plinth with a staircase flanked by stone images of various animals—a motif common in Bhaktapur.  The temple's body comprises a ground-floor sanctum girdled by an ambulatory with three bays on each side. Above this rises the tall, tapering shaft of the Sikhara tower, constructed with rendented corners. The shaft's ground plan is in the shape of a 20-corner mandala. Surrounding the shaft are four octagonal corner towers and four rectangular porches at the cardinal directions. Inside the porches are depictions of Durga manifested as the Mahisasuramardini, the slayer of the buffalo-demon. More images of Durga in various Tantric expressions, numbering 32 in all (of which 27 survived before the 2015 earthquake), are inset within the corner octagonal pavilions' bays.

Further up the tower are statues of Bhairava at the corners, standing upon a throne of lotus leaves. Higher still are the forequarters of leaping lions (sardula), their paws extended forward into thin air--ready to pounce on any evil force threatening Durga's sanctuary. Directly above them on each face of the tower are small windows that serve no purpose but help ventilate the otherwise lightless and inaccessible interior of the sikhara, which was left empty to reduce its mass. Near the top of the tower, above the cornice, are stone images of the Eight Mother Goddesses. The top of the tower is a series of circular rings studded with multiple amalaka fruit bands, ending in a finial in the shape of a kalasa pot extruding a flame or jewel.

Text from Asian Historical Architecture.
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The Golden Gate, leading to the Taleju Temple in B The Golden Gate, leading to the Taleju Temple in Bhaktapur, Nepal, is a mesmerizing architectural masterpiece that stands as a testament to the rich cultural and artistic heritage of the ancient city. 

Built-in 1754 by King Ranjit Malla, this intricately carved and gilded entrance is a prominent feature of the Bhaktapur Durbar Square and also marks the last creative contribution by the Malla Kings to Bhaktapur.

Crafted in the traditional Pagoda style, the Golden Gate serves as the main entrance to the Taleju Temple courtyard. Its name, "Golden Gate," is derived from the lavish gilding that adorns the entire structure. The door is called "Swarnadwar" in Nepali and also the Paladhvaka (gate of gatekeeper) and Nepaladhvaka (gate of Nepal) two other names for it.

The gate is a remarkable example of Newar craftsmanship. At the center of the Torana, the statue of the Hindu goddess Taleju is enshrined, symbolizing the protective deity of the Malla kings. The goddess is revered with great devotion, and the Golden Gate serves as a focal point for religious ceremonies and cultural celebrations.

Read more: https://askmeaboutnepal.com/torana/
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Earthquake monument at Bhugol Park, Newroad, Kathm Earthquake monument at Bhugol Park, Newroad, Kathmandu. It was established in the memories of people who lost their lives in the 1934 (1990 BS) earthquake in Nepal.

On the fateful day of January 15, 1934, Nepal experienced a seismic catastrophe that left an indelible mark on its history—the mega-earthquake with an estimated magnitude of 8.0, jolted the very foundations of the Himalayan nation. The epicenter of the quake was situated in the eastern region of the country, Okhaldhunga about 9.5 km south of Mount Everest and 120 kms east of Kathmandu, and its impact reverberated across vast stretches of Nepal and northern India. 

The tremors unleashed widespread destruction, toppling buildings, crumbling infrastructure, and claiming thousands of lives, nearly 17000. The mass cremation was carried out in Sankhumul, according to Himalayan Shumsher.

The three major towns of the Kathmandu Valley; Kathmandu, Bhaktapur, and Patan, were severely affected and almost all the buildings collapsed. Large cracks appeared in the ground and several roads were damaged in Kathmandu; however, the temple of Pashupatinath, the guardian deity of Nepal, escaped any damage. 

Immediately after the disaster, Prime Minister Juddha Shumsher announced relief measures, including helping families in reconstruction, repair, and maintenance. The relief office was responsible for drawing up an estimate of the building materials required for reconstruction. Architects and planners soon went to work making detailed measurements and drawings.  On 23 February 1941, a column commemorating the Earthquake (15 January 1934)disaster was erected at Bhugol Park which depicted Lord Shiva sitting atop a globe. 
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Majestic Sunset over the mighty Annapurna. #annap Majestic Sunset over the mighty Annapurna.

#annapurna
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Sama Chakeva clay sculptures by Mira Devi Dutta, B Sama Chakeva clay sculptures by Mira Devi Dutta, Bijay Kumar Dutta, and Priyanka Karna at Kathmandu Triennale (photo1-4). Taragaon Museum, Hyatt, Kathmandu.

A girl carrying a basket full of clay idols for the Sama Chakeva by Sulav Shrestha @sulav.photo 

Tharu girls of Terahaut village in Saptari immersing clay idols on the last day of the Sama Chakheva Festival. By  @sankuchy

Sama Chakeva, a revered festival deeply embedded in the folk traditions of Mithila, unfolds its enchanting rituals in Kartik (Nov/Dec) on the eve of the Chhat Festival. The festivities commence in harmony with the migratory journey of birds, descending from the Himalayas to the southern plains of Nepal. Rooted in the rich tapestry of Puranic lore, this celebration, adorned with folk theater and melodious songs, venerates the profound bond between brothers and sisters.

As the sun dips below the horizon, young, unmarried girls gather near the ghats of Chhath, bearing baskets adorned with idols of Sama and Chakeva, alongside oil lamps, kohl, and everyday clay-made essentials. In the ambient glow of the night, they immerse themselves in the timeless melodies of traditional songs, engaging in rituals that transcend generations. 

On this sacred occasion, the river becomes a sanctifying space as young girls take a symbolic dip, purifying their spirits. The idols of Sama and Chakeva, witnesses to the festival's entirety, are tenderly immersed in the flowing waters, marking the conclusion of this deeply cherished celebration.
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Sikhs of Nepalgunj take on streets performing vari Sikhs of Nepalgunj take on streets performing various dances and activities, an expression of their cultural heritage on the occasion of the Guru Nanak Jayanti. Nepalgunj

Photos by RGB NIHAL RGB Camerography 

In addition to the dance, other cultural activities such as kirtan (devotional singing), recitation of hymns from the Guru Granth Sahib (the holy scripture of Sikhism), and langar (community meal) are also integral parts of the Guru Nanak Jayanti celebration in Nepalgunj. These activities not only strengthen the bonds within the Sikh community but also promote unity and understanding among people of different faiths in the region.

The celebration of Guru Nanak Jayanti in Nepalgunj is a testament to the diversity and richness of Sikh culture, and the dance performances play a vital role in preserving and showcasing this cultural heritage. Through these vibrant and expressive dances, the Sikhs in Nepalgunj convey not only their devotion to Guru Nanak Dev Ji but also their commitment to fostering a sense of community, joy, and cultural pride.

Read more on: https://askmeaboutnepal.com/guru-nanak-jayanti/
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Sikhs of Nepalgunj dressed in vibrant and traditio Sikhs of Nepalgunj dressed in vibrant and traditional attire, come together to perform dances as a form of devotion and expression of their cultural heritage on the occasion of the Guru Nanak Jayanti.

Photos by RGB NIHAL RGB Camerography 

Guru Nanak Jayanti, also known as Gurpurab, is a sacred and joyous occasion celebrated by Sikhs around the world to commemorate the birth anniversary of Guru Nanak Dev Ji, the founder of Sikhism. The celebration is marked by various religious and cultural events, including prayers, processions, and cultural performances. In Nepalgunj, a city in Nepal with a significant Sikh population, the celebration of Guru Nanak Jayanti is a vibrant and culturally rich affair.

The Sikh dance during Guru Nanak Jayanti is often characterized by energetic and rhythmic movements, reflecting the joy and reverence felt by the community. The dance is not just a physical expression but also a spiritual one, as it is performed with a deep sense of devotion and gratitude towards Guru Nanak Dev Ji. The beats of traditional Sikh music, including the sounds of the dhol (drum) and other traditional instruments, add to the festive atmosphere.

These dances often take place in gurdwaras (Sikh temples) and spill out into the streets during processions. The streets of Nepalgunj come alive with the colorful attire of the dancers, the sound of music, and the rhythmic movements that captivate onlookers. The dance is a way for the Sikh community to share their joy and celebrate the teachings of Guru Nanak Dev Ji with the larger community.
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Shey Phoksundo Lake, at an elevation of 3,611 mete Shey Phoksundo Lake, at an elevation of 3,611 meters (11,849 feet), casts its spell in the remote reaches of the Dolpa district. Cradled by snow-capped peaks, it's a haven where tranquility dances on the ripples of crystal-clear waters. by @pratiigyaa 

The heart-shaped lake nestles within the Shey Phoksundo National Park. A pristine alpine lake renowned for its captivating beauty and tranquil aura located in the remote Dolpa region of Nepal is the deepest lake in the country, plunging to a depth of about 145 meters (475 feet). The lake's turquoise waters contrast with the rugged terrain, creating a visual symphony that beckons adventurers seeking an off-the-beaten-path experience.

The Dolpa region is home to the Dolpo people, who have preserved their unique culture and traditions for centuries. Trekkers have the opportunity to engage with these communities, visit ancient monasteries like Shey Gompa, and witness the nomadic lifestyle of the locals. Embarking on a trek to Shey Phoksundo Lake is not just a physical journey but a spiritual and cultural odyssey, where every step tells a story etched in the folds of the majestic Himalayas. 
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Stone Statue of Buddha at Kumbheshwar Dhungedhara Stone Statue of Buddha at Kumbheshwar Dhungedhara (stone spout) in Lalitpur.

In Lumbini's sacred grove, after giving birth to Prince Siddhartha Gautam, Queen Maya Devi passed away. Following Siddhartha Gautam's attainment of enlightenment and his emergence as Lord Buddha, he intended to teach the path of righteousness for the welfare and happiness of the multitude. However, the opportunity to impart the teachings of dharma to Queen Maya Devi did not arise.

In this context, Buddha, on one occasion, went to the Tushita heaven and, by manifesting himself, bestowed the teachings of dharma upon Queen Maya Devi in the city of Sankasya. This event is depicted in this sculpture, where Buddha's statue is shown with a raised umbrella, symbolizing the presentation of those teachings.

This sculpture belongs to the early medieval period and is a unique representation not found elsewhere in Nepal. Therefore, it stands as an invaluable cultural heritage of Nepal, emphasizing the importance of its recognition and preservation.

Text and Photo by Dr. Jagaman Gurung,
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It is the auspicious occasion of Kartik Shukla Pak It is the auspicious occasion of Kartik Shukla Paksha Hari Bodhini Ekadashi, today, also known as Thulo Ekadashi. May the blessings of Lord Budhanilkantha Narayan make your days prosperous!

Photo by Pritam Thapa, Priti Thapa

Hari Bodhini Ekadashi is considered the most significant and prominent among the twenty-four Ekadashis observed throughout the year. It is referred to as Thulo Ekadashi due to its importance. In Hinduism, Ekadashi is observed as a day for worshiping Lord Vishnu. According to the legends, Lord Vishnu is said to have awakened from his cosmic slumber in the Ksheer Sagar (ocean of milk) on the day of Ashadha Shukla Ekadashi. Hence, this day is also known as Hari Bodhini Ekadashi.

It is believed that observing a fast and engaging in prayers on this day brings immense spiritual merit and blessings.
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The protestants mobilized by Durga Prasai and Mahe The protestants mobilized by Durga Prasai and Mahesh Basnet parade to participate in the massive demonstration scheduled today 7 Mangshir 2080 (November 23 2023)

Video @iamsoosaanshrestha
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