Timeline of General Election and Results, Nepal

Nepal has conducted a total of 8 general elections from BS 2016. (1959 AD).  Here is the summary of all 8 election results in Nepal. 

(1st) General Election BS 2016 (1959 AD)

The 1959 AD elections started on February 18 and were completed by April 3. The final result was declared on May 10. Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala (BP Koirala became the 1st democratically elected prime minister of Nepal. After that, the new constitution was brought into force on June 17 and King Mahendra opened Parliament on July 24 that year.

Total Participated Party in Election: 9

Total Seat: 109

• नेपाली कांग्रेस (Nepali Congress): 74 Seat
• नेपाल राष्ट्रबादी गोर्खा परिषद (Nepal Rashtrabadi Gorkha Parishad): 19 Seat
• संयुक्त प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी (Samyukta Prajatantra Party): 5 Seat
• कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी ओफ नेपाल: 4 Seat
• स्वतन्त्र (Independent): 4
• नेपाल प्रजा परिषद (आचार्य) I(Nepal Praja Parishad (Acharya)): 2 Seat
• नेपाल प्रजा परिषद (मिश्र) (Nepal Praja Parishad (Mishra)): 1

(2nd) Parliamentary election Election BS 2048 (1991 AD) 

After the 1st election, by 1960, King Mahendra had changed his mind and dissolved Parliament, dismissing the first democratic government and banning the political parties. The political parties formed again for the people’s Movement in 1990. Then-King Birendra agreed on constitutional revisions, creating a multiparty parliament with him as Head of State and an executive Prime Minister, paving the way for democracy. Nepal held its first parliamentary elections in May 1991. As a result of this election leader of the Nepali Congress, Girija Prasad Koirala was appointed Prime Minister of Nepal.

Total Participated Party in Election: 20

Total Seat: 205

• Nepali Congress: 110 Seat
• नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी (एमाले) (Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist))( CPN-UML): 69 Seat
• संयुक्त जनमोर्चा  (Samyukta Janamorcha): 9 Seat
• नेपाल सद्वभावना पार्टी ( Nepal Sadhbhawana Party): 6 Seat
• Others: 8 Seat

स्वतन्त्र (Independent): 3 Seat

(3rd) General Election BS 2051 (1994 AD) 

This election took place when King Birendra called for new elections after the Nepali Congress government collapsed. On November 15, 1994, Nepal held general elections to choose its House of Representatives (Pratinidhi Sabha). This seems to be the historically important election for the Communist party of Nepal. In this election Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) (CPN–UML) was victorious and there was the first-ever popularly elected communist government was formed in Nepal. 

Total Participated Party in Election: 24

Total Seat: 205

• CPN-UML (एमाले): 88 Seat
• Nepali Congress: 83 Seat
• राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी  (Rastriya Prajatantra Party (Ra Pra Pa): 20 Seat
• NeMaKiPa ((नेपाल मजदुर किसान पार्टी (नेमकिपा)): 4 Seat
• सद्भावना (Sadbhawana): 3 Seat
• स्वतन्त्र (Independent): 7 Seat

(4th) General Election BS 2056 (1999 AD)

This 4th General election was held in Nepal on 3 and 17 May 1999. There were differences of opinion in the CPN-UML and they split in March 1998. As a direct impact of this split Nepali Congress became the strongest party in parliament again. Girija Prasad Koirala became prime minister for a second time. 

Total Participated Party in Election: 39

Total Seat: 205

• Nepali Congress: 111 Seat
• UML (एमाले): 71 Seat
• Ra Pra Pa: 11 Seat
• Sadbhawana: 5 Seat
• राष्ट्रिय जनमोर्चा (Rastriya Janamorcha): 5 Seat
• Others: 2 Seat

(5th) Constituent Assembly Election BS 2064 (2008 AD)

This election was the result of peace and reconciliation after the one-decade civil war in Nepal. This 5th constituent Assembly election was held in Nepal on 10 April 2008 after the king’s power was removed from the government. It was a historically very popular election in Nepal because the underground civil war group not only participated but also won the election. In 2007 “Election to the Members of the Constituent Assembly Act, 2064 (2007)” was composed of better rules and regulations for the election in 2008.  After this election, Nepal declared a democratic republic country.  Nepal Communist party Maobadi became the strongest party in the parliament. Maobadi Party leader Pushpa Kamal Dahal (Prachanda) became the first Prime Minister of the democratic republic of Nepal.  This constitution assembly originally had two years of time to store the new constitution but it failed however its deadline was extended several times. 

Total Participated Party in Election: 54

Total Seat: 575

• माओबादी (Maobadi): 220 Seat
• Nepali Congress: 110 Seat
• UML (एमाले):  103 Seat
• मधेशी जनअधिकार फोरम (Madheshi Jana-adhikaar Forum): 52 Seat
• तराई मधेश लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी (Tarai Madesh Loktantrik Party, (Ta Ma Lo Pa)): 20 Seat
• सदभावना पार्टी (Sadbhawana Party): 9 Seat
• Others: 61 Seat

(6th) Constitution Assembly Election BS 2070  (2013 AD)

This was the 2nd constitutional assembly election following the failure of the previous general assembly to form the new constitution. In this election parliament’s main task was again to form the new constitution in Nepal. This 2nd constituent assembly election was held in Nepal on 19 November 2013. The Nepali Congress emerged again as the largest party in this 2nd Nepalese Constituent Assembly. The most popular party in the 2008 election -Maobadi was far behind at the third position in this election. Khil Raj Regmi was the prime minister at that time after his resignation in 2014 February 11 Sushil Koirala from the Nepali Congress became the Prime Minister of Nepal.  Nepal got the new constitution in 2015 AD (2072 BS). 

Total Participated Party in Election: 122

Total Seat: 575

• Nepali Congress: 198 Seat
• UML (एमाले): 175 Seat
• Maobadi: 80 seat
• राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी नेपाल (Rastriya Prajatantra Party Nepal) Ra Pra Pa Nepal: 24 Seat
• फोरम लोकतान्त्रिक (Forum Loktantrik): 14
• Ra Pra Pa: 13 Seat
• Ta Ma Lo Pa: 11 Seat
• Others: 60 Seat

(7th) General Election: BS 2074 (2017 AD)

To maintain the rules and regulations of the election “Election Commission Act, 2073 (2017)” was formed. The 2017  general elections were held in Nepal in three phases on – 14 May, 28 June, and 18 September 2017 in 6 metropolitan cities, 11 sub-metropolitan cities, 276 municipalities, and 460 rural municipalities. It was the 1st local-level election after the formation of the Constitution of Nepal. This law introduced the national, provincial, and local levels of governance. Local Body Restructuring Commission was established under the chairmanship of Balananda Paudel. UML had gained the favor as the strongest popular party in this election after a long time (Previously It had won the maximum seat in the 1994 AD election). Khadga Prasad Oli (KP Oli) became the Prime Minister of Nepal after this election.   

Total Participated Party in Election: 55

Seat: 275 Seat

• UML (एमाले): 121 Seat
• Nepali Congress: 63 Seat
• Maobadi: 53 Seat
• Rastriya Janamorcha: 17 Seat
• समाजबादी फोरम (samajbadi Forum): 16 Seat
• Others: 5 Seat

(8th) General Election BS 2079 (2022 AD)

Again in Nepal’s history for the 5th time, the Nepali Congress seemed to be victorious with the greater number of seats. Not only the parliamentary but also the provincial elections also took place at this time. From this result and the political history of Nepal, people expected the government led by Nepali Congress. But Nepali Congress’s alliance partner Prachanda jumped ship to join the rival bloc UML and become the 44th Prime Minister of Nepal. Prachanda has received the support of 170 parliamentarians from six parties and four Independents in the 275-member House. In this new form of government, the Nepali Congress party will be the main opposition holding 89 seats.

Political Party’s list from ElectionCommission Nepal.

Seat: 275

Federal Parliament

• Nepali Congress: 57 Seat
• CPN-UML: 44 Seat
• CPN Maoist (Maobadi): 18 Seat
• CPN (Unified Socialist): 10 Seat
• Janata Samajwadi Party: 7 Seat
• Rastriya Prajatantra Party: 7 Seat
• राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी (Rastriya swatantra Party): 7 Seat
• Independent: 5 Seat
• Loktantrik Samajwadi Party: 4 Seat
• Nagarik Unmukti Party: 3 Seat
• Nepal Workers and Peasants Party: 1 Seat
• Janamat Party: 1 Seat
• Rastriya Janamorcha: 1 Seat

Provincial Assembly

• Nepali Congress: 112 Seat
• CPN UML: 91 Seat
• CPN Maoist: 53 Seat
• CPN (Unified Socialist): 15 Seat
• Independent: 12 Seat
• Janata Samajwadi Party: 11 Seat
• Rastriya Prajatantra Party: 11 Seat
• Loktantrik Samajwadi Party: 9 Seat
• Janamat Party: 7 Seat
• Nagarik Unmukti Party: 7 Seat
• Hamro Nepali Party: 7 Seat
• Nepal Workers and Peasants Party: 1 Seat

Samanupatik

• Nepali Congress: 26,66,262 Votes
• CPN (Maoist Center): 11,62,931 Votes
• Rastriya Swatantra Party: 11,24,557 Votes
• Rastriya Prajatantra Party: 5,86,659 Votes
• Janata Samajbadi Party: 4,20,946 Votes
• Janamat Party: 3,94,523 Votes
• CPN (Unified Socialist): 2,94,411 Votes
• Nagarik Unmukti Party: 2,71,663 Votes
• Loktantrik Samajwadi Party: 1,67,282 Votes
• Nepal Workers and Peasants Party: 75,064 Votes
• Hamro Nepali Party: 55,620 Votes